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terminology
the virtual terminal protocol in the Internet suite of protocols. it is the internet standard protocol for remote terminal connection service. telnet allows a user at one site to interact with a remote time- sharing system at another site as if the user's terminal was connected directly to the remote computer.
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File Transfer Protocol. The Internet protocol (and program) used to transfer files between hosts.
Also, FTP is usually the name of the program the user invokes to execute the protocol.
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a program that displays information about a particular user, or all users, logged on the local system or on a remote system. it typically shows full name, last login time, idle time, terminal line, and terminal location (where applicable). it may also display plan and project files left by the user.
two programs which comprise a database of electronic mail addresses. the 'finger server' stores the addresses and pro cesses inquiries; the 'finger client' makes the inquiries.
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a database listing programs and data files available anonymous FTP sites on the Internet. (From archive.)
a system to automatically gather, index and serve information on the Internet. The initial implementation of archie provided an indexed directory of file- names from all anonymous FTP archives on the Internet. Later versions provide other collections of information.
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Wide- Area Information Server: a system that allows simultaneous searches of several databases mounted on different computers.
a distributed information service which offers simple natural language input, indexed searching for fast retrieval, and a 'relevance feedback' mechanism which allows the results of initial searches to influence future searches.
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a distributed information service that makes available hierarchical collections of information across the Internet. Gopher uses a simple protocol that allows a single Gopher client to access information from any accessible Gopher server, providing the user with a single 'Gopher space' of information. Public domain versions of the client and server are available.
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HyperText Transfer Protocol. The World Wide Web protocol to transfer files between WWW hosts.
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Universal Resource Loca tor. a standardized identifier to locate documents within the World Wide Web. includes the
HTTP
,
TELNET
,
FTP
,
GOPHER
, MAILTO protocols
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Standard Generalized Markup Language. Standard used to represent text elements such as paragraphs, headings, and chapters.
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HyperText Markup Language. HTML is a SGML DTD. In practical terms, HTML is a collection of styles (indicated by markup tags) that define the various components of a World Wide Web document.
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Virtual Reality Modeling Language, is an open, platform-independent, file format for 3D graphics on the Internet. Similar in concept to the Web standard for text, HyperText Markup Language or HTML, VRML encodes computer-generated graphics into a compact format for transportation over a network. As with HTML, a user can view the contents of a file -- in this case an interactive 3D graphics file -- as well as navigate to other VRML "worlds" or HTML pages.
Open Inventor, a widely accepted, object-oriented 3D graphics tool kit, provides the framework for VRML.
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UNIX to UNIX Copy Program; both a computer network and a communication protocol.
This was initially a program run under the UNIX operating system that allowed one UNIX system to send files to another UNIX system via dial- up phone lines. Today, the term is more commonly used to describe the large international network which uses the UUCP protocol to pass news and electronic mail.
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Simple Mail Transfer Pro tocol. The Internet standard protocol for transferring electronic mail messages from one machine to another, layered on the IP.
SMTP specifies how two mail systems interact and the format of control messages they exchange to transfer mail.
It is a server to server protocol, so other protocols are used to access the messages.
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An extension to Internet email which provides the ability to transfer non- textual data, such as graphics, audio and fax.
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a method of connecting computers to form a network; it specifies the types of wires connecting the computers, and the format in which information is packaged to travel over the wire, contending for network access using a 'Carrier Sense Multiple Access' with 'Collision Detection' (CSMA/ CD) paradigm.
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Integrated Services Digital Network, an emerging technology which is beginning to be offered by the telephone carriers of the world. ISDN combines voice and digital network services in a single medium making it possible to offer customers digital data services as well as voice connections through a single 'wire'. The standards that define ISDN are specified by
CCITT
.
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24 voice channels digitized at 64,000 bps, combined into a single 1.544 Mbps digital stream, and carried over two pairs of regular copper telephone wires.
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a list of email addresses, used by a mail exploder, to forward messages to groups of people. Generally, a mailing list is used to discuss certain set of topics, and different mailing lists discuss different topics. A mailing list may be moderated. This means that messages sent to the list are actually sent to a moderator who determines whether or not to send the messages on to everyone else. Requests to subscribe to, or leave, a mailing listUser should ALWAYS be sent to the list's '- request' address.
a group of users who communicate through a central distribution system; messages sent to the mailing list are distributed to each user via email; contrasted to a bulletin board.
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Comitee Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique.
a unit of the 'International Telecommunications Union', ITU of the United Nations. an organization with representatives from the PTTs of the world. CCITT produces technical standards, known as 'recommendations', for all internationally controlled aspects of analog and digital communications.
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